A
karyogram, also known as an ideogram, is a diagram or photograph representation of a karyotype (total number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell) arranged
in pairs of homologous chromosomes of the same size, ordered by size and position of centromere.
Some
zones of the chromosome, like the centromere and telomeres, are visible in the
karyogram. Chromosome’s coloration shows dark zones intercalated with light
zones, pending on GC and AT percentage.
Therefore, karyograms are very useful in cytogenetics
due to the practical application for genetic studies such as hereditary
anomalies (p.e. trisomy 21).
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Figure 1. Karyogram of a human male karyotype using Giemsa
as colorant.
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Figure
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